Predicting what happens next in the five-year saga that has shaken the eurozone to its foundations is sheer guesswork. But the Greek vote is a huge blow to EU leaders, particularly the German chancellor, Angela Merkel , who has dominated the crisis management through her insistence on fiscal rigour and cuts despite a huge economic slump, soaring unemployment and the immiseration of most of Greek society.
It depicted her sitting atop a Europe in ruins. As the austerity rejectionists partied into the night, key Greek officials said they believed the Syriza victory strengthened their hand for further negotiations with the creditors since opinion polls also consistently show that Greeks want to stay in the euro and because there is no legal avenue for kicking a country out.
The chancellor and president also agreed that the referendum result should be respected, said the spokesman. Late Sunday night, European Council president Donald Tusk said he has called a eurozone summit for Tuesday to discuss the situation in Greece. Since Tsipras sprung his referendum on eurozone leaders just over a week ago, following an EU summit in Brussels, Merkel and Hollande have struck completely opposed positions. The chancellor has closed down any prospect of negotiations until after the vote took place while the president had insisted on a quick agreement with Greece.
The referendum was highly contested. Exactly what a no or a yes verdict signalled was also a point of much debate. Image source, EPA. Almost a week after the referendum, banks remain closed. Will the real Alexis Tsipras please stand up? Tsipras 'a hero'. And that was one promise he could never have broken.
Related Topics. Alexis Tsipras Greece Greece debt crisis. Latest updates. Published 11 July The "Yes" box was a Chilean flag, the "No" box - ever so slightly lower - was a solid black rectangle. And back in , Adolf Hitler balloted the German people to ask: "Do you approve of the reunification of Austria with the German Reich accomplished on 13 March and do you vote for the list of our Fuehrer, Adolf Hitler?
When the UK government prepares a referendum question, the Electoral Commission takes 12 weeks to test the question on focus groups to eliminate any bias or confusion. A draft of the referendum on whether the UK should leave the EU was rewritten because it confused a significant minority of people who didn't know the UK was already a member. As well as bias, the question is tested for clarity, said the Electoral Commission's Rosie Davenport.
There is a guideline for the number of words," she said. Which brings us back to Greece. Athens did not have the luxury of a week testing period - it has to organise a national referendum at breathtaking speed - but it might be accused of waffle. Therefore, it seems that the narratives about the implications of the referendum result were, in general, more powerful in explaining vote intention than preferences about the euro or the EU.
To get a more in-depth understanding of this result, we investigated the determinants of voting behavior in more detail. First, the vote was clearly divided along partisan lines.
This underscores our finding that partisan narratives mattered to a large extent, with voters seeming to have toed party lines. Second, some further interesting results arise in regard to the socio-demographic make-up of the vote. Surprisingly, occupation and education mattered little for vote intention. What we found particularly striking was that public sector employees had similar vote intentions to private sector employees, despite the fact that their salaries very much depend on overall public finances.
This is rather puzzling since the economy of non-urban and rural areas has been much less hit by the crisis, owing mostly to tourism and agriculture revenues as well as targeted transfers and subsidised prices. It should be noted, of course, that SYRIZA enjoys a strong organisational advantage in non-urban areas that arguably translated into higher campaign effectiveness. Some may argue of course that islanders were also voting against the proposed elimination of their VAT exemptions. Despite this slew of evidence in favour of the narrative-based explanation, we also found some evidence supporting the material interest-based pocketbook voting approach.
First, in terms of social demographics, the strongest divisive lines were between age groups. In other words, the referendum gave expression to a seething intergenerational divide. What then explains this stark difference in vote intentions between younger and older people?
Figure 3 shows that the age divide is, if anything, a preference-based divide.
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