This invisible, undetectable stuff was called the "luminiferous aether" also known as "ether". Though Michelson and Morley built a sophisticated interferometer a very basic version of the instrument used today in LIGO facilities , Michelson could not find evidence of any kind of luminiferous aether whatsoever.
Light, he determined, can and does travel through a vacuum. The equation describes the relationship between mass and energy — small amounts of mass m contain, or are made up of, an inherently enormous amount of energy E.
That's what makes nuclear bombs so powerful: They're converting mass into blasts of energy. Because energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared, the speed of light serves as a conversion factor, explaining exactly how much energy must be within matter. And because the speed of light is such a huge number, even small amounts of mass must equate to vast quantities of energy. In order to accurately describe the universe, Einstein's elegant equation requires the speed of light to be an immutable constant.
Einstein asserted that light moved through a vacuum, not any kind of luminiferous aether, and in such a way that it moved at the same speed no matter the speed of the observer.
Think of it like this: Observers sitting on a train could look at a train moving along a parallel track and think of its relative movement to themselves as zero.
But observers moving nearly the speed of light would still perceive light as moving away from themselves at more than million mph. That's because moving really, really fast is one of the only confirmed methods of time travel — time actually slows down for those observers, who will age slower and perceive fewer moments than an observer moving slowly. In other words, Einstein proposed that the speed of light doesn't vary with the time or place that you measure it, or how fast you yourself are moving.
According to the theory, objects with mass cannot ever reach the speed of light. If an object ever did reach the speed of light, its mass would become infinite. And as a result, the energy required to move the object would also become infinite. That means if we base our understanding of physics on special relativity, the speed of light is the immutable speed limit of our universe — the fastest that anything can travel. Although the speed of light is often referred to as the universe's speed limit, the universe actually expands even faster.
The universe expands at a little more than 42 miles 68 kilometers per second for each megaparsec of distance from the observer, wrote astrophysicist Paul Sutter in a previous article for Space.
A megaparsec is 3. Special relativity provides an absolute speed limit within the universe, according to Sutter, but Einstein's theory regarding general relativity allows different behavior when the physics you're examining are no longer "local.
That's the domain of general relativity, and general relativity says: Who cares! That galaxy can have any speed it wants, as long as it stays way far away, and not up next to your face," Sutter wrote. And neither should you. Light in a vacuum is generally held to travel at an absolute speed, but light traveling through any material can be slowed down.
This is an illusion that darkness travels faster than the speed of light, and it is still agreed that no physical object can travel faster — since darkness has no mass. Empty space does not contain material or information, therefore, it is massless. Physicists believe this is what happened immediately following the Big Bang — within a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, the universe doubled in size repeatedly, resulting in the outer edge of the universe expanding much faster than the speed of light.
Quantum entanglement is the strange phenomena where two particles are inexplicably linked and communicate even though they may be separated by distances as far as thousands of light years. What physicists found is that this communication can happen faster than the speed of light.
A wormhole is a theoretical entity that would allow something or someone to travel vast distances instantaneously. It is uncertain if darkness itself has a speed, but when it comes to dark matter, things start to unfold. Things get complicated if we look at black holes as part of the definition of darkness. Black holes are devoid of light, and if anything gets near their event horizon, not even light can escape from them. Darkness or the speed of dark is quite a fascinating subject, but it remains elusive to our current understanding.
The fastest thing in the Universe, based on our current knowledge, is light. If, in the future, we will understand how black holes can capture even light, maybe some of their mechanisms are the fastest thing in the Universe. The theory of special relativity states that nothing should travel faster than the speed of light, and if something does so, it will move backward in time. Traveling faster than the speed of light might simply mean time travel. Our current understanding of light speed is minimal, and even more so when it comes to surpassing it.
Any time you block out most of the light — for instance, by cupping your hands together — you get darkness. In the context of talking about speeds, darkness is what you get after the light stops coming, and therefore travels at the speed of light.
For instance, consider that you are in distant space, far from all light sources such as the sun, and you have a light bulb on the nose of your space ship. The light from the light bulb is spreading out in all directions through space at the speed of light.
If you briefly turn off your light bulb and then turn it back on, there is light traveling out in all directions from before you dimmed the bulb, and behind it there is light traveling in all directions from after you dimmed the bulb.
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